The internet has propelled innovation in computing in leaps and bounds over the past 3 decades. The technology architectures businesses use has also evolved exponentially. When the businesses first started to launch their internet presents, they initially started to build their own data centres housing their onw physical servers. As time moved on, this philosophy morphed into renting servers in purpose built data centers, this gradually evolved into renting virtual machines and then into what is termed Cloud Computing, which can loosely be defined as renting virtual computing resources which are hosted and managed by third parties, which you can still administer yourself.
Cloud Computing has once again evolved into the concept of Serverless Computing, which can now loosely be defined as you are actually just renting an application service. You don't need to worry about the server or resource it is hosted on, all you're interested in is making use of an application to service to store and host your data, a third party take care of all the computing resources.
Serverless Computing Approach
Serverless is an approach to computing which offloads responsibility for common infrastructure management tasks i.e scaling, scheduling, patching, provisioning, etc. to third party cloud providers and tools, allowing engineers to focus their time and effort on the business logic specific to their applications or process.
Serverless does not mean that there are no physical servers or computing resources, it just means that your organisation literally does not need to concern itself with them, it's all being managed and taken care of by a third party.
Serverless computing typically comprises these core attributes:
- The serverless computing model requires no management and operation of infrastructure, enabling software developers and
engineers to focus developing their core business logic.
- Serverless computing runs code on-demand on a per-request basis, scaling transparently with the number of requests
being served.
- Serverless computing enables end users to pay only for resources being used, never paying for idle capacity.
The core concept behind serverless is to enable organisation to spend more time and money on developing value added services and software and less time worrying about the physical infrastructure.
The advantages of serverless computing
The serverless computing model provides the following primary benefits:
- Reduced Operation Costs - Serverless computing can be very cost-effective, when compared to traditional cloud
providers backend services which often result in the user paying for unused space or idle CPU time.
- Simplified scalability - The serverless vendor handles all scaling on demand.
- Simplified backend code - developers can create simple functions that independently perform a single purpose i.e.
making API calls.
- Quicker turnaround - Serverless architecture can significantly reduce time to market.
The disadvantages of serverless computing
Just like everything else in life, there can also be downsides to the serverless computing model and it may not be the best fit for all computing tasks, the following are some drawbacks you should be aware of when developing with serverless
- Long-running processes - serverless workloads are designed to scale up and down perfectly in response to workload,
offering significant cost savings for spiky workloads.
- Vendor lock-in - Serverless architectures are designed to take advantage of an ecosystem of managed cloud
services and architectural models. Deeply integrating with the native managed services of cloud providers is where much of the value of cloud can be found. However, these patterns often represent material lock-in risks that need to be mitigated.
- Cold Start Problems serverless architectures forgo long-running processes in favor of scaling up and down to zero,
they also sometimes need to start up from zero to serve a new request.
- Monitoring and Debugging - Operational tasks can be challenging in any distributed system, and the move to both microservices
and serverless architectures has only exacerbated the complexity associated with managing these environments carefully.
Typical Serverless Computing services
A few technology offerings are often loosely conflated with the serverless computing;
- Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) - a service model where a cloud provider offers backend services such as data storage,
enabling developers to focus on writing front-end code.
- Platform-as-a-Service (Paas) - a service model enabling developers to rent all the necessary tools to develop & deploy
applications from cloud providers.
- Infrastucture-as-a-Service (Iaas) - a catchall term for cloud vendors hosting infrastructure on behalf of their
customers.
For the purist, Serverless Computing actually comprises of smaller subsets of the all these offerings, for them serverless computing is primarily focused on service categories, like compute, storage, database, etc. where configuration, management, and billing of servers are invisible to the end user and including an event-driven computing paradigm where application code, or containers, only run in response to events or requests.
Why are developers preferring to adopt the serverless computing model
Developers are preferring to adopt Serverless Computing models for their applications because of:
- Pay-per-execution pricing : only pay for how long function code runs, not for idle server time.
- Scalability : Load balancing, security patches, logging, etc. are all handled by the FAAS provider. Leaving more time
to focus on their app instead of the underlying infrastructure.
Serverless architectures are application designs that incorporate third-party “Backend as a Service” (BaaS) services, and/or that include custom code run in managed, ephemeral containers on a “Functions as a Service” (FaaS) platform.
